Hawaiian Words and Phrases

• 'a'awa - wrasse fish, considered aumakua by some
• Aholehole -a young stage of the ahole fish; sometimes used for magic; foreigners were sometimes called aohle because of their light skin
• Ahui hou aku - "Until we meet again."
• aikane - friend
• 'Ainahau - breeze
• Ali'i - chiefs and other nobility
• Aloha - love, affection, compassion and many other feelings; used as a greeting and to say good-by.
• Aloha ia'oe - I love you
• 'aumakua - personal god
• Auwe! - interjection - oh!, alas! goodness!, etc.
• Auwe noho'i e! - ???
• 'awa - the kava shrub whose roots are used to create a narcotic drink
• Eahou no he mele-inoa - ???
• 'ewa - area in western O'ahu, also used to indicate direction (westward) when in Honolulu
• hala - tree whose leaves are used for weaving
• haole - foreigner, especially white
• hapa-haole - part foreigner
• hau - tree whose wood is used for canoes and other parts used for medicine
• Hawai'i Nei -this beloved Hawai'i
• heiau - traditional place of worship and other religious activities, typically a large stone platform or earth terrace
• honohono - grass
• hula - traditional forms of dance; many varieties existed
• hula-hula - twitching or fluttering; will later be used to refer to American dancing
• 'ilima - flower
• 'i'iwi - bird
• Ka'elo - month
• kahili - Staffs made from kahili were ...
• kahu - an honored attendant or guardian; a regent
• kahuna - a priest, magician or an expert in any profession (such as doctors)
• kahuna 'ana'ana - a sorcerer who is able to pray a person to death
• kanaka - a human being, often referring to the regular subjects in contast to the ali'i
• kapa - cloth made from bark or other plant fiber
• kapu - forbidden, especially places and people
• kawakawa - a fish; bonito
• ki - a woody plant whose leaves were often used for thatching, hula skirts, and sandles; the roots were used for food; also referred to as "ti"
• kihei - a shawl or cape
• koa - tree with very hard wood used for canoes; also means brave, bold, and fearless
• koa'e-ula - a bird which inhabits the cliffs of the high islands
• kolea - Pacific golden plover
• ko'oko'olau - plant, used to make medicinal tea
• kuku - grandmother
• kukui - tree whose nuts used for torches
• la i'mi - "the day of searching" where the victors hunted down the vanquished
• lanai - a porch
• lauhala - grass, used to make mats, hats, and baskets
• laukahi - medicinal plant
• lei - a string of feathers, leaves, or flowers, worn around the neck
• Mahealani - the night of the full moon
• mahimahi - fish
• Mahina - the moon
• mahu - homosexual
• makaleha - to look about in wonder or admiration
• malo - clothing worn by men
• mana - supernatural or divine power
• manuahi - free of charge
• mauka - used to indicate direction towards the mountains, contrasted with makai
• mele-aloha -
• menehune - legendary race of small people
• milo - tree which is used in a variety of ways, including medicine, calabashes, dyes, and oil
• minamina - "grief for someone who is lost"
• naupaka - bush
• niele - to keep asking questions, to be inquisitive, sometimes to the point of being irritating
• 'okolehao - alcohol distilled from fermented ki roots
• 'oni-pa'a - fixed, immovable, steadfast
• 'opakapaka - a fish, blue snapper
• 'opelu - a fish, mackerel skad; an 'aumakua for some people; also a variety of taro
• 'opihi -limpets
• pahu - a box, drum, or other similar container
• Pake - Chinese
• pali - cliff
• papio - a fish
• pa'u - clothing worn by women
• pi'alu - wrinkled with age or an impotent man
• pipipi - small mollusks
• poi - made from cooked taro roots, pounded and thinned with water; traditionally served in large wooden communal bowls
• Pueo - short-eared owl; often regarded as an 'aumakua
• The rains of Ka'ele - Ka'ele is the name of a wind from Moloka'i
• taro - kalo; staple food in Hawai'i, used to make poi
• tattoo - kakau in Hawaiian; permanent markings on the skin
• 'uhaloa - .... Used in medicinal tea, sometimes for hangovers..
• ui-ha - weary, tired, bored
• ulua - fish
• wahine - woman
• wana - a sea urchin, considered by some to be an 'aumakua

Places

• 'Ainahau - hom of Princess Kaiulani in Waikiki
• Alaska - northwest corner of North America. In the 1850s, Alaska was owed by Russia
• American Hospital - Hospital for American nationals
• American Legation - The legal representives of the United States in Hawaii at the time
• Atropos - one of the three fates of Greek mythology who cut the thread; name given to a peak in Windward Oahu by Bristol
• Bedlam - Royal Hospital in England which housed the insane
• Beretania Street - runs through Honolulu out to Makiki, location of Hiram Nihoa's house
• Bethel Church -congregational formed in 1837destroyed in a fire in 1886
• Borneo - large island to the southeast of Asia
• Britishers' Mess - on Mauana Kea Street, beside a whorehouse owned by Hiram Nihoa
• California - located along the west coast of North America; California became a state in 1850
• Canton - major shipping port in China
• Chiefs' Children's School - located near downtown Honolulu, founded in 1839 by King Kamehameha III; now called Royal Elementary School
• Chile - country along western coast of South America; independent from Spain since 1818
• Clotho - the youngest of the three fates, who spun the thread, in Greek mythology; name given to a peak in Windward Oahu by Bristol
• China Sea - located between Japan and China, known for its violent storms
• Cow Bay - in Honolulu Harbor
• Diamond Head - crater on eastern side of Waikiki, also known as Lae'ahi
• 'Ewa - area on the far leeward side of Oahu , used to designate direction (west) when in Honolulu
• Fid Street - Fifth street, in downtown Honolulu
• Flying Fish - tavern in Honolulu
• Fort Street - steet in downtown Honolulu
• Ha'iku - valley in Kaneohe
• Hakipu'u - region on windward Oahu
• Haleakala - "House of thesun"; volcanic mountain on Maui
• Hali'imaile - house on Richards Street
• Hau'ula - region on windward Oahu, north of Ka'a'awa
• Hawai'i - easternmost island of the Hawaiian Islands (also known as the Big Island)
• He'eia - area past Kane'ohe on the way to Ka'a'awa
• Hilo - city on the Big Island
• Hoffman's Store - in Honolulu, sells stationery, etc.
• Ho'iho'i Ea - King's palace in Honolulu
• Honolulu - main city on Oahu
• Honolulu House - government building on Richards street
• Ho'okena - area near Kona on the Big Island
• Iwilei - area in Honolulu
• Ka 'Oi'o - point at Kualoa. Literally the cape of the bonefish
• Ka'a'awa - area on windward Oahu past Kaneohe on the way to the north shore
• Ka'alaea - area on windward Oahu near Waiahole
• Kahalu'u -a village and region on the windward side of Oahu, north of Kaneohe
• Kahana - valley (with stream) in Waimea on windward Oahu
• Kahiki-across-the-sea - near sunset beach on the north shore of Oahu
• Kahuku - area on windward Oahu near the north shore
• Kaka'ako - area in Honolulu between the harbor and Waikiki
• Kanehoalani - mountain with a cave.
• Kane'ohe - area on windward oahu, slightly to the north of the pali road
• Kaiwi - channel that separates O'ahu from Moloka'i
• Kapena falls - in Nu'uanu valley
• Kawaiaha'o -Protestant church near downtown Honolulu
• Ke Kua Nohu, fort holding prisoners ???
• Kealakekua - bay on the Big Island where Captain Cook was killed
• Kikiwelawela - area where Kane'ohe joins He'eia
• King Street - downtown Honolulu, runs parallel to the coast as far as Makiki
• Kiolea - area in windward O'ahu, near Waihole
• Kohala - area on Hawai'i, home of Kamehemameha
• Kona - region on western side of the Big Island.
• Konahuanui - side of Nu'uanu valley
• Ko'olau - mountain range separating the windward from the Honolulu sides of Oahu.
• Ko'olauloa - northern windward O'ahu, literally "long Ko'olau"
• Ko'olaupoko - southern windward O'ahu, literally "short Ko'olau"
• Kou - early name for Honolulu harbor
• Ke Kua Noho - fort in Honolulu harbor, built over a temple of Lono
• Kualoa - area in windward O'ahu, near Waikane
• La'imi - area near the battle of the Nu'uanu
• Lachesis - one of the three fates in Greek mythology, name given to a peak in Windward Oahu by Bristol
• Lae'ahi - original name of Diamond Head
• Lana'i - Island in the Hawaiian island chain
• Lahainaluna - town in Maui; location of seminary and early school
• Lanihuli - mountain, one side of Nu'uanu valley
• Lo'i-ke'e - unknown
• Makiki - inland area in O'ahu between Waikiki and Manoa
• Manoa - valley inland from Waikiki
• Makapu'u -headland at eastern end of windward O'ah
• Makiki - area outside of Honolulu, near Manoa valley and Punchbowl
• Mauna Kea Street - street in downtown Honolulu, running from the shore inland
• Mauna Loa -volcanic mountain on the Big Island
• Maunawili - area in windward O'ahu near Kailua
• Merchant Street - street in downtown Honolulu, running parallel to the shore
• Mexico - area in central America controlled by Spain
• Maui - island in the Hawaiian island chain
• Mazatlan - port in Mexico
• Mo'ili'ili - swampy area between Makiki and Waikiki.
• Mokoli'i - small island near Kualoa
• Moli'i - location of fishpond, opposite of the island of Mokoli'i
• Moloka'i - island in the Hawaiian island chain
• Milu - the world of the dead in Hawaiian mythology
• Mokoli'i - island in Kane'ohe Bay
• Moloka'i - island in the Hawaiian chain
• Nanahoa -peak on the Ko'olau mountains, birthplace of Nihoa; incidentally also the name of fertility rocks on Molokai.
• New England - several states on the northeastern corner of the United States, including Massachuessets
• Ni'ihau - westernmost island of the Hawaiian islands
• Nu'uanu - valley on Oahu, leads to the Pali and over to Kaneohe
• Olympia - mountain in Greece and home of the gods in Greek mythology
• Oregon - Oregon territory was created in 1848 and would become a state in 1858
• Pakaka - a canoe landing site, and then a wharf (with a fort) in Honolulu Harbor
• Palama - street in downtown Honolulu where Nihoa once had a house
• Pali - pass at the end of Nu'uanu valley which connects to Kaneohe.
• Parthenon - fortified hill in Athens with major religious sites
• Pauoa - area inland from Honolulu Harbor; Nihoa passed through on his way from Makiki to Nu'uanu
• Plover Flat - area in back of Punchbowl, also called Ka Papakolea
• Pohukaina - area in downtown Honolulu near Hawaii State Library
• Punahou - mountain with a cave used as a burying-place. Also an area inland from Waikiki, just makai of Manoa valley
• Punchbowl - crater inland from Honolulu, near Makiki, also called Pu'u-o-haina, or the Hill-of-Sacrifice
• Pu'u-o-haina - the Hill-of-Sacrifice, crater inland from Honolulu, near Makiki, also called Punchbowl
• Puu o Ka 'Oi'o - a hill near Kualoa
• Queen Street - in downtown Honolulu
• Richards Street - in downtown Honolulu
• Rosebank - Mr. Wyllie's house
• San Diego - city in southern California territory; taken from Mexico by American forces in 1846. In 1850, the non-Indian population was under 1000.
• San Pedro - city in southern California, taken from Mexico following the Mexican-American war
• San Francisco - port in northern California that boomed during the California gold rush that began in 1848
• Sandwich Islands - name given by Captain Cook for the Hawaiian Islands; named after Lord Sandwich
• Sodom - city in Old Testament renowned for decadence
• Styx - A river in Greek legend which borders the underworld and which, if someone is dipped into its waters, can make them immune to attack
• Sydney - town in Australia, a source of cattle for Hawaii
• Ulupa'u - Mokapu, a point near Kailua
• Valparaiso - city, with monastery, in Chile
• Wahi'awa - area in central O'ahu
• Waiahole - area in windward O'ahu, north of Kaneohe and south of Ka'a'awa
• Waiakane - old name for waikane, area in windward O'ahu
• Waikiki - Beach and area on south eastern side of O'ahu; royal residence
• Wailuku - area near Hilo on the Big Island; location of Central Female Boarding School, a girls' seminary school established in 1836
• Waimanalo - area in windward O'ahu, south of Kailua
• Waipi'o - area on leeward O'ahu near 'Aiea
• Washington - capital city of the United States of America

People

• Adam - according to Genesis, the first human being created, initially lived in the Garden of Eden
• Aesculapius - Greek God of healing
• Ahuki-o-lani - mother of Eahou
• Alapa'i - usurper of Keawe's kingdom
• Andrews, Lorrin - missionary, then judge
• Andrews, Seth - doctor in Honolulu
• Bates, Asher - brother-in-law to Dr. Judd, owns house Nu'uanu
• Bingham, Hiram - Calvinist.
• Bishop, Artemas - missionary
• Bishop, Charles (Charlie) - American supporter of Kamehameha IV; appointed collector of customs for the kingdom in 1849; husband of Bernice Pauahi Bishop
• Booth, Joe - owner of National Hotel on Nu'uanu street
• Brady, Matthew - proprietor of the Flying Fish
• Brannon, Sam - Mormon elder, arrived in Hawai'i in 1851, buying extensive property and then leaving for California where he publicized the gold rush and became its first millionaire
• Bristol, Saul - Yankee missionary; living in Ka'a'awa
• Burton, Robert - English author of Anatomy of Melancholy
• Caesar Augustus - First Roman emporer; adopted by Julius Caesar
• Caleb - son of Hiram Nihoa, send to Eben as an adopted son
• Ceres - Roman goddess of grain
• Cook, James - British captain who navigated around the Hawaiian islands in 1777 and in 1778-1779; killed in Kealekakua Bay on the Big Island
• Cooke, Mr. and Mrs. - Amos and Juliette; missionaries, parents of Charles Cooke, teachers of the Chiefs' Children's School
• Cooper, Fenimore - American novelist, primarily of historical romances.
• David, Father Armand - French missionary and naturalist
• Davies, Theophilus - merchant in Honolulu
• Davis, Isaac - ally of Kamehemeha I
• Demonsthenes - orator in ancient Greece
• Doison, Brother - vaccinator in O'ahu
• Eahou - adopted son of Nihoa Bingham
• Eben - see Forrest, Eben
• Emerson, John - missionary; lived in Waialua
• Enoka - resident of Windward side, lost two children from influenza
• Eve - according to Genesis, the second human being created, initially lived in the Garden of Eden
• Ford, Seth - doctor in Honolulu
• Fornander, Abraham - Swedish-born collector of Hawaiian folklore
• Forrest, Eben - relative of Rebekah Nihoa, consort of Princess Ruth
• Francis, Saint - Patron saint of animals in Catholicism
• Hahau - half brother of Kane-milo-hai
• Hall, E. O. - merchant in Honolulu
• Hillebrand, Dr. - doctor in Honolulu
• Hoffman, Dr. - doctor in Honolulu, owns drug store on Queen Street
• Hopkins, Charles Gordon - ranch owner in Kahuku, employs Saul Bristol; nicknamed "Polly"
• Hopu, Kaula - resident of Windward side, wife drown off Mokoli'i
• Hubbard, Mother - fictional source of children's fairy tales
• Jenner, Doctor - British. Discovered smallpox vaccination
• Judd, Doctor - also known as Kauka
• Ka'aha'aina, Abraham and Sarah - family living just past He'eia who offers Hiram and Eahou food and complains of Princess Ruth's demand for gifts
• Ka'ahumanu - queen, converted to Christianity
• Kahanaumaika'i - tax collector of Kamehemeha the great
• Kahekili, Peter - chief of Oahu
• Ka'iana 'Ahu'ula - chief of Kaua'i, slain at the Battle of Nu'uanu
• Kalama -women loved by Kauikeaouli; cause of jealousy between Kauikeaouli and Paki
• Kalani - short name for princess Ruth
• Kalanimoku - prime minster during Kamehemameha I's reign
• Kalanikupule - chief of Oahu, killed by Kamehemeha following the Battle of Nu'uanu
• Kalaniopu'u - uncle of Kamehameha I
• Kamakau, Samuel - Hawaiian historian in the 19th century
• Kamanele - Saul Bristol's maid in Ka'a'awa
• Kamamalu, Victoria - princess
• Kamehameha the great - grandfather of Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III)
• Kamehameha, Lot - Kamehameha V, son of Kinau; took the throne in 1852 and died in 1872 without naming an heir
• Kane-i-ka-pule - Eahou's real name
• Kanekapolei - wife of Kamehameha I, grandmother of Princess Ruth
• Kanelele - father of Eahou
• Kane-milo-hai - grandfather of Eahou
• Kapa'akea, Caesar - high-ranking chief of Oahu and biological father of Lili'uokalani
• Kauikeaouli Kiwala'o - Kamehameha III
• Kauka - nickname for Dr. Judd
• Kaumuali'i - chief of Kaua'i
• Keawe - Kamehemeha I's grandfather
• Keawe'opala, son of Alapa'i
• Ke'elikolani - Princess Ruth
• Kekuanao'a, Matthew - governor on Oahu
• Ke'oua - father of Kamehameha I
• Kina'u, Elisabeta - chiefess of Oahu, prime-minister; daughter of Kamehameha I and mother of Kamehameha III (Alexander Liholiho)
• Konia, Laura - wife of Abner Paki, and adoptive mother of Lili'uokalani
• Ku-i-ka-pono - father of Ahuki-o-lani, grandfather of Eahou; means "Ku-in-the-Right"; Kuiakapono was presumed heir to Kalanikupule's realms and thus a challenger to Kamehameha I's claim to Oahu
• Kunuiakea, Albert - cousin of Queen Emma and illegitimate son of Kamehameha III
• Kupua - one of Hiram's mistresses
• Laha - Nihoa's grandfather; from Nanahoa
• Lele'iohoku - son of Kalanimoku, husband of Princess Ruth
• Liholiho, Alexander - became Kamehameha IV, married to Emma Rooke
• Liloa - high chief of Kohala, father of 'Umi
• Linalina - employed at Hopkins's ranch
• Machiavelli - Italian political philosopher from the 15th century. Author of The Prince.
• Mahoe, Noah - friend of Hiram Nihoa
• Makana - son of Kamanele, the maid of Saul Bristol
• Makia Weli - see Machiavelli
• Mahoe, Noah- friend of Hiram Nihoa
• Maka-o-Hina - wife of Kane-milo-hai; grandmother of Eahou
• Makuahou - Eahou's name for Hiram Nihoa
• Malo, David - Hawaiian historian in the 19th century
• Melissa - Saul Bristol's deceased wife
• Milton, John - English author of Paradise Lost and other works
• Neptune - Greek god of the oceans
• Newcombe, Dr. - Doctor in Honolulu
• Nihoa, Abel - eldest son of Hiram Nihoa
• Nihoa, Daniel - youngest son of Hiram Nihoa
• Nihoa, Hiram - central character, spy
• Nihoa, Rebekah - wife of Hiram Nihoa
• Old Nick - see Machiavelli
• 'Ophuhea - child whose family died of various diseases. Taken by Bristol and given to Kamanele
• 'Opunui, Zorobabela and Deborah - family
• Paki, Abner - A high chief; he and his wife Laura Konia adopted Liliuokalani
• Paliku - Kauikeaouli's messenger
• Pandora - from Greek legends, opened a box (or a barrel in Ka'a'awa) which let diseases escape into the world
• Panoa - family living in Kaneohe, now destroyed by disease
• Parker, Henry - son of Benjamin Parker?
• Parker, Benjamin - reverend
• Pauahi - mother of Princess Ruth
• Paulet, George - Captain of the HMS Carysfort; in 1843 he seized the islands for Britain. Later that year, Admiral Richard Thomas returned control of the islands to the Hawaiian monarchy.
• Pihana, Jared - a singer from Maui
• Pilihua - wife of Kuikapono, presumed heir to Oahu
• Pilipo - the steward of Hali'imaile
• Pi'opi'o - husband of Kamanele
• Poha Kealoha - student at the training school
• Portagee Joe - employed at ranch in Kahuku
• Pu'uhonua - wife of Kalanikupule, the chief defeated by Kamehameha I at the battle of Nu'uanu
• Quintilius Varus - Roman general and governor of the German province whose legions were destroyed by German forces in 9 A.D.
• Rives, Jean - French doctor in Hawaii
• Rooke, Emma - wife of Alexander Liholiho
• Rooke, T. C. B. - doctor in Honolulu and memer of the Royal Commissioners of Public Health
• Ruth, Princess - Ke'elikolani
• St. Julian, Mr. - "scheming republican in Sydney"
• Scott, Walter - English novelist, primarily of historical romances.
• Solomon - character in Old Testament known for wise judgements
• Tacitus - Roman historian
• Ten Eyck, Anthony - United States Commissioner to the court
• 'Umi - son of Liloa
• Virgil - Roman poet of the epic of Aeneid and pastoral poetry
• Wyllie, Mr. - Hawai'i's Secretary-at-War
• Xanthippe - wife of the Athenian philosopher Socrates
• Young, John - ally of Kamehemeha I

Other Words and Phrases

• Achilles' Heel - In Greek legends, Achilles was dipped in the river Styx to make him impervious from attack, but he was held by his heel, which remained his one weakness
• adamantine - a very strong or unbreakable substance
• agape - a spiritual kind of love
• amaranth, spiny - a weed of pastures and hay fields, similar in appearance to other pigweeds but with spines along the stem
• Aristotle - Greek philosopher
• arpeggio - a chord sounded in succession rather than simultaneously
• Battle of Bunker Hill - key battle in the U.S. Revolutionary War, which was won by the British but at great cost; fought in 1775, or roughly 80 years before the time of the novel
• brimstone - an old name for sulfur
• calabash - large fruit which, when dried and hollowed out, can be used as a container; the word is Arabic in origin
• Calvinism - form of Protestant Christian thought known for its strict religious code of conduct
• Canterbury pace - an easy gait for a horse
• carapace - the thick shell that covers the back of the turtle, or something used in a similar way
• Castle Perilous - a place of great testing; from Malory's Arthurian legends
• catacomb - a tunnel with chambers having places for graves
• Chamberlain to the Court - servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers
• Chesterfield, Lord - English writer who offered to be the patron of Samuel Johnson while Johnson was compiling his dictionary, but never actually helped him
• corruscating - o give forth flashes of light; sparkle and glitter
• cowry shell - produced by marine snails; range in size from 1/5 inch to 6 inches long
• Cupid - Roman god whose arrow is said to cause people to fall in love
• eczema vaccinatum - complication of the smallpox vaccine for people with eczema where the lesions spread
• empty barrels - "The empty barrel makes the biggest noise" - proverb
• fetial gestures - gestures relating to to declarations of war and treaties of peace
• filibusterer -a group of Latin American mercenaries
• foc'sle - short for forecastle, which is the section of the upper deck of a ship located at the bow in front of the foremast.
• Gamecock - Sam Brannon's ship
• gin - strong colorless alcohol made by distilling grain spirits such as rye and adding juniper berries or aromatics such as anise, caraway seeds, or angelica root as flavoring
• the gripes - severe pains in the stomach or intestines
• Hawaiian Spectator - newspaper
• hellebore - in ancient Greece, was said to cause daughters of the king of Argos to go mad; in the middle ages, thought to help in summoning demons
• Hina - Hawaiian goddess
• Iehovah - alternate spelling of Jehovah
• in mania potu - latin - in drink there is madness
• incubi - male demons in medieval mythology who seduce women and draw out their energy
• Indian file - walking in single file
• ink horn - an inkwell made out of a horn; became a symbol for writers, and eventually for fussy writers
• influenza - contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses. It can cause mild, severe, or even deadly.
• Jamaican tea - a very bitter kind of tea made from Cerasse
• Jehovah - Christian god
• Jenner's vaccination - the strategy of exposing people to the cowpox virus as a way to make them immune to the more virulent smallpox
• Job - character in Old Testament whose suffering at the hand of Jehovah is the basis for discussions of why devote people suffer.
• Juggernaut - A Hindu diety, considered a deliverer from sin, whose wagon was said to crush worshipers who threw themselves under it.
• Kanaloa - Hawaiian god
• Kane - Hawaiian god
• Kaneholopali - guardian god of the Pali
• Ku - Hawaiian god of war
• Kuka'ilimoku - Kamehemeha's god of war
• La grippe - another term for flu or influenza
• laudanum - an opium-based painkiller
• Law of the Splintered Paddle - "'Ke Kana-wai Ma-mala-hoa"; created by Kamehameha to protected people, especially the weak by the powerful, from robbery and other harm
• leprosy - infectious bacterial disease which causes disfiguration of the body or skin; now known as Hansen's disease
• Lilliput - Fictional place of tiny humans from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels
• Lokelani - Hiram Nihoa's horse, also called "Rose-of-Heaven"
• Lono - Hawaiian god of fertility, music, and games; central to the Makahiki
• malaprop - a bad or poorly chosen word; "Mr. Malaprop" would be someone who speaks absurdity
• Mexican lantana - a shrub; related to marjoram
• midden - a dump for domestic waste
• Milu - Hawaiian god, principally of the after life
• Minotaur - mythical beast, half human, half bull; protector of the labyrinth
• Mother Hubbard - fictional author of children's nursery rhymes
• nabob - a governor or important person in India, especially during the Mogul Empire period
• nom-de-plume - a pen name or the name under which an author publishes
• opusculus minimissimus - a small or petty work
• ossuaries - a box, building, or other container that is used as the fianl reseting place for human skeletal remains
• pater familias - the eldest ranking male in the Roman household
• perfervid - marked by exaggerated or overwrought emotion
• Pharisees - ruling religious group in Judea during the time of Christ
• piano forte - another name for piano
• Pied Piper - legendary character in Europe who lures the children of Hamelin away with his music
• plover - Pacific Golden plover is a migratory bird that summers in Hawaii; kolea in Hawaiian
• Plutonian darkness - In Roman legends, Pluto is the underworld, where people go after death
• Punch - tradition cartoon character in England, known for his abuse of Judy
• rheumy - a watery mucous discharge from the eyes or nose
• Sadducees - Jewish religious group; rivals to the Pharisees
• Samaritan - a religion based on the Torah and an ethnic group originating from Samaria
• Shakers - The United Society of Believers, a Christian group founded in 1776 that emphasized celibacy and simplicity in their daily lives
• silk - natural fibre from the cocoon of the silkwork larvae, used to create fine cloth; first developed in China
• smallpox - highly contagious viral disease that is often deadly and leaves survivors scarred and sometimes blind; first vaccination against it was developed in 1800
• sonnet - formal style of poetry first developed during the Italian Renaissance, often with a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g
• Spanish fly - emerald-green beetle; when crushed, the resulting powder contains cantharidin, a skin irritant that is thought to promote sexual desire
• Spanish needle - a weed with sharp edges making it difficult to handle
• strawflower - flowers resembling daisies
• succubi - female demons in medieval mythology who seduce men and draw out their energy
• sugarcane -tall grasses native to warm temperate to tropical regions whose sap is rich in sugar
• sweet potatoes - or yams; a tuberous root vegetable
• tallow - beef or mutton fat; used to make candles
• Teutonic montebank - a person faking germanic descent
• Trumps of Joshua - trumpets of Joshua, used to break down the walls of Jericho
• vaccinia gangrenosa - a severe and sometimes fatal form of vaccinia where theinitial lesion continues to enlarge
• whisky - alcohol distilled from a variety of grains, including barley, rye and wheat, and aged in oak casks
• Windsor coat - formal wear, introduced by the English king George III
• Yankee - slang for American, typically refers to people from the northeastern states