Parameters of Kapa'a Stream
Combined Nitrates and Nitrites as Nitrogen
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Map of Kapa'a Stream
Kapa'a Stream is located in Kailua, Oahu, and is approximately 1.9 miles long beginning at the southwest slope of Ulumawao, and flowing down towards Kawai Nui Marsh. Over that distance, the elevation change is around 180 m (600 ft). Much of the stream is miniscule or even non-existent, unless aided by heavy rainfall. The noticeable ponds alongside the road were created from dredging and channeling. However, there is also a heavy presence of rubbish, surface scum, and bank erosion, which is why Kapa'a Stream is considered to be one of the most impaired streams in Hawaii.
Reference: http://www.aecos.com/KOOLAU/KapaaStr.html